Fig. 5

Distribution of otolith/otoconia and their chemical compositions on a phyologenetic tree depicting all major vertebrate groups, with a finer resolution of chondrichthyans. Phylogeny was composited from overall vertebrate data [51], acanthodian distribution [52], basal actinopterygians [53] and sarcopterygians [54] and extant chondrichthyan data [55, 56]. Otolith morphology and composition for the other major vertebrate groups was taken from literature: Acanthodii [13, 44, 45, 47], Agnatha [8, 27, 48], Osteichthyes [8, 40, 41, 43, 57, 58]