Fig. 8
The most likely three-population demographic models for Western Speckled Dace in the southern Warner Valley, constructed by simulating joint site frequency spectrum data using GADMA under high (μ = 6.6 × 10−8) and low (μ = 1.2 × 10−8) mutation rates and a generation time of two years. Mean Ne and divergence time estimates are presented here; all parameters and 95% confidence intervals around mean estimates are provided in Table 4. Arrows represent direction of post-divergence migration (gene flow) among the populations, with thickness indicating the magnitude of the migration rate. Bison arrived in the southern Warner Valley between 642 to 257 years ago, coincident with or just after the demographic shifts in dace populations inferred at 588 or 896 years before present