Fig. 2

Allele frequency changes during experimental evolution. (A) Comparison of the allele frequency changes (Δh) between the bumblebee treatment (x-axis) and the control treatment (y-axis). The grey dots represent the 4’713 SNPs. Replicate A is in light grey, replicate B in darker grey. The significant changes are highlighted in blue and green (see the legend in the figure for details). Comparison of initial (first generation) and final (ninth generation) allele frequencies in the control treatment for both replicate A (B) and replicate B (D), and in the bumblebee treatment for both replicate A (C) and replicate B (E). The grey dots represent the non-significant changes in allele frequencies between generations. The grey solid lines indicate the maximum (upper line) or minimum (lower line) of final simulated allele frequencies obtained by 10’000 simulations of random genetic drift (over nine generations, N_e=16). The coloured dots represent significant changes in our study with fdr < 0.05