Fig. 3
From: Ecological and phylogenetic aspects of the spring diet of three palaearctic species of swans
Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) using Bray–Curtis dissimilarity by the species composition for plant residues in fecal samples of swans. The numbers correspond to the species of swans: 1—the Mute swan (blue polygon), 2 – the Whooper swan (white polygon) and 3 – the Bewick’s swan (gray polygon). The arrows indicate the direction of the maximum contribution of the food items. The letter abbreviations refer to plant species and their parts: CLADO—Cladofora sp., PHA_R—Phragmites australis (roots and rhizomes), PHA_V—Phragmites australis (vegetative parts), SPA_V—Sparganium sp. (vegetative parts), STP_V—Stuckenia pectinata (vegetative parts), NUL_V – Nuphar lutea (vegetative parts), POP_V—Potamogeton perfoliatus (vegetative parts), ME_VA – Melosira varians, CERAM – Ceramium sp., ULVA – Ulva sp., DETRI – detritus