Fig. 4

Spatial variations in the relative read abundance of six jellyfish taxa in the Bohai Sea in August 2022. Note a–d: Taxonomic composition and relative read abundance of jellyfish in eDNA from surface seawater (a), middle seawater (b), bottom seawater (c) and sediments (d). Jellyfish species represented by the distinct colors in the pie plots are described in the legend on the right. The black dots indicate that no jellyfish was detected in eDNA from the station. The maps in the figure were obtained from Ocean Data View software (Reiner Schlitzer, Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany)